Por cierto, y para quien no le valga la doctrina española, les indico algunos lugares donde pueden encontrar lo que yo afirmo, que España es un Estado federal (he tenido que cortar por superar el espacio):
FORUM DES FEDERATIONS,
Guide des pays fédérés, 2002. Articles descriptifs des pays. Afrique du sud, Allemagne, Argentine, Australie, Autriche, Belgique, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Brésil, Canada, Comores, Emirats Arabes Unis,
Espagne, Etats-Unis d'Amérique, Ethiopie, Inde, Malaisie, Mexique, etc. Sous la direction de Ann L. Griffiths, coordonné par Karl Nerenberg Forum des Fédérations - 2002 - 528pp
Se estudia así en muchos manuales, por ejemplo Theodor VEITER,
Fédéralisme, régionalisme et droit des groupes ethniques en Europe, Hommage à Guy Héraud. La constitution espagnole et le fédéralisme. Contributions wallones à la doctrine et à l'action fédéraliste. etc., Viena, 1989, 520 pages (ETHNOS 30).
O éste del Collectif ICPS,
LE FEDERALISME EN EUROPE: Le fédéralisme suisse : l'influence du fédéralisme américain. Le fédéralisme allemand : développement historique et problèmes actuels. Le fédéralisme autrichien : concept juridique et réalité politique. Le fédéralisme en Belgique.
L'organisation territoriale de l'Espagne : l'Etat des autonomies., INSTITUT DE CIENCES POLITIQUES I SOCIALS. BARCELONA. 1992. 118 pages
Se estudia en los programas ordinarios de Derecho Constitucional en las Universidades del mundo, por ejemplo en las Univ. de Cagliari o París:
La forma di stato. Una costituzione pluralista. Il modello regionalista. Aspirazioni e limiti. La discussione intorno al federalismo. In particolare: i riparti competenziali tra stato e regioni in Italia, tra stato e comunità autonome in
Spagna; tra federazione e stati in Germania e in Austria.
Prof.ssa SILVIA NICCOLAI, Univ. de Cagliari
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LoginI l’Etat fédéral et l’Etat décentralisé tendent à avoir la même structure et les mêmes principes de fonctionnement… Aujourd’hui, l’Etat décentralisé évolue vers un système de régionalisation (exemples de l’Italie et surtout de
l’Espagne) ; il se rapproche alors de l’Etat fédéral au point d’avoir, à une même structure:
[...]
b) Deux niveaux de gouvernement :
- Les unités fédérées et décentralisées (régions) peuvent avoir des institutions gouvernementales (
La communauté autonome espagnole a son propre Président élu, son Parlement, son Tribunal supérieur [art.148/150] comme un Etat fédéré américain).
Cela
revient au système fédéral car ce type de loi comme la Constitution d’un Etat fédéré doit respecter la Constitution du gouvernement central.Etc.
Prof. O. Camy, Univ. de Bourgogne y París
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LoginSe estudia en seminarios, como éste:
Department of International Relations and European Studies
Central European University
“Comparative Federalism”
Winter Semester 2005
Dr. Jan Erk
(Alguna bibliografía sobre) 10-
Federalism in Spain:
Audrey Brasslof (1989), ‘Spain: The State of Autonomies’, in Murray Forsyth (ed.), Federalism and Nationalism, Leicester and London: Leicester University Press, pp.24-50.
Luis Moreno (1999), “Asymmetry in Spain: Federalism in the Making”, in Robert Agranoff (ed.), Accommodating Diversity: Asymmetry in Federal States, Baden-Baden: Nomos, pp.149-168.
Robert Agranoff (1994), ‘Asymmetrical and Symmetrical
Federalism in Spain: An Examination of Intergovernmental Policy’, in Bertus de Villiers (ed.), Evaluating Federal Systems, Dordrecht, Boston and London: Martinus Nijhoff.
Further reading:
Montserrat Guibernau (1995), “
Spain: A Federation in the Making?”, in Graham Smith (ed.), Federalism; the Multi-Ethnic Challenge, London and New York: Longman.
Josep Ma Valles and Montserrat Cuchilllo Foix (1988), “Decentralisation in Spain: A Review”, European Journal of Political Research, Vol.16.
Robert Agranoff and Juan Antonio Ramos Gallarín (1997), “
Toward Federal Democracy in Spain: An Examination of Intergovernmental Relations”, Publius: Journal of Federalism, Vol.27, No. 4, p. 38.
Luis Moreno (1994), ‘Ethnoterritorial Concurrence and
Imperfect Federalism in Spain’, in Bertus de Villiers (ed.), Evaluating Federal Systems, Dordrecht, Boston and London: Martinus Nijhoff.
Jan Erk and Alain-G. Gagnon (2000), “Constitutional Ambiguity and Federal Trust:
The Codification of Federalism in Belgium, Canada and Spain”, Regional and Federal Studies, Vol.10, No.1, pp.92-111.
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Login Spain is suggested as one possible de facto federation as it grants more self-government to its autonomous communities than most federations allow their constituent parts. For the Spanish parliament to revoke the autonomy of regions such as Catalonia or the Basque Country would be a near political impossibility.
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Login Asymmetric federalism is a form of federalism where different constituent states possess different powers. This is in contradiction to symmetric federalism, where no distinction is made between the constituents. […]
SpainIn Spain, the regions of Navarre, Catalonia and Basque Country have more power than the other communities, out of respect for nationalist sentiment and historical rights these regions enjoyed.
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LoginContemporary Spanish Experience: “Coffee for All”
In the case of contemporary Spain’s experience in federalism, its transformation was through procedural constitution, which adopted two techniques. A preliminary constitution provided the tools for operation and was based on voluntary principle and political will.
As a governing dogma towards federalism, Spain applied a rather simplistic idiom: “Coffee for all”. However, in fitting this expression to Spain’s federalism goals, several issues emerged. No puedes ver los enlaces.
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LoginMulti-Nationalism, Democracy and "Asymmetrical Federalism", Alfred Stepan, Columbia Univ., Draft Paper prepared for the Greentree Meeting, Feb.27-Mar2, 2002, International Center for Transitional Justice.
[…]Although there are many multinational polities in the world, few of them are democracies.
Those multinational democracies that do exist, however (Canada, Belgium, Spain and India), are all federal. Although all these democracies have had problems managing their multinational polities (and even multicultural Switzerland had the Sonderbund War, the secession of the Catholic cantons in 1848), they remain reasonably stable… […]In addition to the strong association between multinational democracies and federalism, the six long-standing democracies that score highest on an index of linguistic and ethnic diversity India, Canada, Belgium, Switzerland, Spain and the United Statesare all federal. […]
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Login 1.2 Socio-Cultural Identities and Asymmetric Federalism
(Wilfried SWENDEN and Jean BEAUFAYS)
1. Context: Different Socio-Cultural Identities may lead to Asymmetric Federalism
Federations are formed for a variety of reasons. The units of a federation may decide to join forces, in order to hold off an external threat or to maximize their common defense, political or economic interests in the wider world. However, today’s popularity of federalism is also due to its ability to contain regionally concentrated demands for autonomy within an existing state. Belgium, Spain and the United Kingdom for instance share a long history as unitary states, despite the claims of certain groups (Flemish, Catalans, Scots, etc) for decentralization.
2. Questions for Discussion:
Explorative Questions:
(d)
Identifying variations in asymmetry in federal states: apart from the classic examples (Spain, Canada, Russia, India, Belgium), one could also compare the special status of territories (Nunavut in Canada, the Northern Territory in Australia) with that of fully-fledged federated entities in a federation. Do territories seek to upgrade their status within the federation to that of fully-fledged federated entities and are they constitutionally allowed to do so? What is the specific status of capital city regions (Brussels, Washington, Canberra, Brasilia, Buenos Aires) within the federation?
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Login Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries, Book Series, Vol. 1, Edited by John Kincaid and G. Alan Tarr: An authoritative comparative analysis of twelve diverse federal countries. Publisher: McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal and Kingston, Canada, 2005. Published for the Forum of Federations and the IACFS.
These lively, timely, and accessible dialogues on federal systems provide a comparative snapshot of each topic and include comparative analyses, glossaries of country-specific terminology, and a timeline of major constitutional events. Countries considered include Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Germany, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Russia, South Africa,
Spain, Switzerland, and the United States. Whether you are a student or teacher of federalism, working in the field of federalism, or simply interested in the topic, these booklets will prove to be an insightful, brief exploration of the topic at hand in each of the featured countries.
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LoginSaludos,
IUS